The figures we work with every day for sole traders, landlords, companies and employers, checked against GOV.UK. Pick a tax year and everything on the page changes to match.
Drag the marker to an income and see which band it falls in, and roughly what you'd pay. These bands are the same in 2025/26 and 2026/27.
Income tax
Employee NI
Self-employed NI
On an income of£45,000
Income tax£6,486Top rate 20%
NI on a salary£2,594Class 1, 8% and 2%
NI on self-employed profit£1,946Class 4, 6% and 2%
A rough guide for one source of income with the standard personal allowance. For your own figures, try our income tax calculator or ask us.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland sets its own bands.
| Personal allowance | £12,570 |
|---|---|
| Basic rate, 20% | £12,571 to £50,270 |
| Higher rate, 40% | £50,271 to £125,140 |
| Additional rate, 45% | Over £125,140 |
| Personal allowance tapers away£1 lost for every £2 over | Income over £100,000 |
| Marriage allowance transfer | £1,260 |
| Blind person's allowance | £3,130£3,250 in 2026/27 |
Allowances on top of your personal allowance.
| Personal savings allowance, basic rate | £1,000 |
|---|---|
| Personal savings allowance, higher rate | £500 |
| Starting rate for savings, 0%If other income is under £17,570 | Up to £5,000 |
| Dividend allowance | £500 |
| Dividends, basic rate | 8.75%10.75% in 2026/27 |
| Dividends, higher rate | 33.75%35.75% in 2026/27 |
| Dividends, additional rate | 39.35% |
| ISA allowance | £20,000 |
Class 1, category A.
| Employee rateOn pay from £12,570 to £50,270 | 8% |
|---|---|
| Employee rate above £50,270 | 2% |
| Employer rateOn pay over £5,000 a year | 15% |
| Employment AllowanceOff the employer's bill | £10,500 |
Paid through your self assessment return.
| Class 4, main rateOn profits from £12,570 to £50,270 | 6% |
|---|---|
| Class 4 above £50,270 | 2% |
| Class 2, voluntaryOnly if your profits are under the threshold | £3.50 a week£3.65 a week in 2026/27 |
| Small profits threshold | £6,845£7,105 in 2026/27 |
For company years starting 1 April 2025 and 1 April 2026.
| Small profits rateProfits up to £50,000 | 19% |
|---|---|
| Main rateProfits over £250,000 | 25% |
| Marginal reliefAn effective rate between the two | £50,000 to £250,000 |
| Annual Investment Allowance | £1,000,000 |
| Writing down allowance, main poolFrom 1 April 2026 for companies, 6 April for sole traders | 18%14% in 2026/27 |
| Writing down allowance, special rate pool | 6% |
On gains from selling assets, including property.
| Annual exempt amount | £3,000 |
|---|---|
| Basic rateGains within your basic rate band | 18% |
| Higher and additional rate | 24% |
| Business Asset Disposal Relief | 14%18% in 2026/27 |
Thresholds look at your taxable turnover over the last 12 months.
| Registration threshold | £90,000 |
|---|---|
| Deregistration threshold | £88,000 |
| Standard rate | 20% |
| Reduced rate | 5% |
| Zero rate | 0% |
For employers running payroll.
| National Living Wage, 21 and overPer hour | £12.21£12.71 in 2026/27 |
|---|---|
| Minimum wage, 18 to 20Per hour | £10.00£10.85 in 2026/27 |
| Minimum wage, under 18 and apprenticesPer hour | £7.55£8.00 in 2026/27 |
| Student loan Plan 1 threshold | £26,065£26,900 in 2026/27 |
| Student loan Plan 2 threshold | £28,470£29,385 in 2026/27 |
| Student loan Plan 4 threshold | £32,745£33,795 in 2026/27 |
| Student loan Plan 5 thresholdRepayments start April 2026 | |
| Postgraduate loan threshold6% above it; student loans 9% | £21,000 |
| Inheritance tax nil rate band | £325,000 |
|---|---|
| Residence nil rate bandWhen your home passes to children or grandchildren | £175,000 |
| Inheritance tax rate36% if 10% or more goes to charity | 40% |
| Pension annual allowance | £60,000 |
| Making Tax Digital for Income TaxOver £30,000 from April 2027, £20,000 from April 2028 | Not yet in forceQualifying income over £50,000 in 2026/27 |
A guide to the main rates, not advice for your own situation. Figures checked on GOV.UK in October 2026. Scotland has its own income tax bands; ask us if you live there.
We apply the right figures to your accounts, payroll and tax return every year, so you never have to look them up. Ask for a quote or ring for a chat.
